ABSTRACT
Hypoxia-activated prodrugs that specifically target tumor tissues were designed by attaching the nitro-aromatic ring carrier molecules that can be degraded in the hypoxic microenvironment of the tumor to the hydroxyamidine group of IDO1 inhibitor compound B and epacadostat. Eleven prodrug compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. Compounds F-1 and F-6, which had a higher stability and drug release rate, were identified by an in vitro stability assay, nitroreductase reduction assay, MTT assay, and an in vivo tumor tissue hypoxia degradation assay, and then evaluated for anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. The results showed that prodrug F-1 inhibited tumor growth by 67.41%, which was significantly higher than 42.31% for the starting drug group. It appeared that the inhibition of IDO1 in the tumor tissue was different from the overall inhibition of IDO1 in vivo. Animal treatment procedures were carried out with the approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.
ABSTRACT
PD-1 antibody immunotherapy has been used as a first-line treatment against various malignancies,but resistance to this treatment limits its efficacy.For instance,myeloid derived suppressor cells,myeloid derived suppressor cells induce resistance to PD-1 antibody in a tumor microenvironment.A few combination regimens of an IDO inhibitor plus PD-1 antibody are currently subjected to ongoing clinical trials in the US,and preliminary results have shown that this inhibitor can reverse the resistance of malignancies to PD-1 antibody.This study reviewed the research progress on the resistance mechanism of malignancies to PD-1 antibody and revealed that IDO inhibitor regulates MDSCs to reverse the resistance to PD-1 antibody.This study also described the clinical efficacy of this in-hibitor plus PD-1 antibody.
ABSTRACT
PD-1 antibody immunotherapy has been used as a first-line treatment against various malignancies,but resistance to this treatment limits its efficacy.For instance,myeloid derived suppressor cells,myeloid derived suppressor cells induce resistance to PD-1 antibody in a tumor microenvironment.A few combination regimens of an IDO inhibitor plus PD-1 antibody are currently subjected to ongoing clinical trials in the US,and preliminary results have shown that this inhibitor can reverse the resistance of malignancies to PD-1 antibody.This study reviewed the research progress on the resistance mechanism of malignancies to PD-1 antibody and revealed that IDO inhibitor regulates MDSCs to reverse the resistance to PD-1 antibody.This study also described the clinical efficacy of this in-hibitor plus PD-1 antibody.